Bernard of Clairvaux

Lore & Background

Bernard was born to noble parents Tescelin de Fontaine and Alèthe de Montbard in Burgundy. The abbey grew rapidly, founding over sixty communities during his lifetime. Bernard defended the Cistercian way of life against criticism from the Cluny Benedictines with his Apology.

Reader's Guide

Bernard of Clairvaux's significance lies in his multifaceted influence on medieval Christianity. As a co-founder of the Knights Templar, he helped shape an ideal of Christian nobility. As a Doctor of the Church, he emphasized personal, experiential friendship with Christ and devotion to Mary, whom he called an 'aquaeduct of grace.' His poetic, emotional preaching opposed the rational approach of scholastics, and his use of language remains a lasting legacy. The Cistercian Order's rapid expansion under his leadership reformed Benedictine monasticism. Despite his austere personal life and frequent illness, he was described as 'the most contemplative and yet at the same time the most active man of his age.' His canonization just 21 years after death and later declaration as a Doctor of the Church underscore his enduring impact.

Did You Know?

• Bernard was canonized just 21 years after his death by Pope Alexander III.
• Bernard's mother died when he was a youth, which influenced his decision to enter monastic life.